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What’s the difference between 3 phase and single phase inverters?

If you’ve been looking into installing solar you may have heard the terms 3 phase and single phase in reference to inverters. But what does it mean to have a 3 phase or single phase inverter and what difference are there between the two?

To answer this question we first have to clarify between what 3 phase and single phase means.

The way we transfer power is by using AC (alternating current) which in Australia is operated at 50 Hz. Below is what a single phase current waveform looks like.

Single phase current waveform

However, we don’t use a single phase to transfer power, we use three phases. This is why you’ll see transmission lines with multiples of 3 lots of lines on them e.g. 3 or 6.

What 3 phase means is that we have to send power across the network using 3 different currents all out of “phase” with each other.

Three phase wave form

A single phase inverter can connect to and export power through a single phase. Even if you have a 3 phase connection to your house the inverter will only connect to one of those phases.

A three phase inverter however, connects to all three phases and exports across them evenly. Logically to install a three phase inverter you must have a three phase connection to the network. Generally most residential connections are single phase and so single phase inverters are the most common of the two types.

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